Malinga ndi National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP), American Diabetes Association (ADA), ndi CDC, kufunikira komvetsetsa milingo yamafuta amafuta ndi shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa ndalama zachipatala komanso imfa zomwe zingapeweke.[1-3]
Dyslipidemia imatanthauzidwa ngati kukwera kwa plasmacholesterol kapena triglycerides (TG), kapena zonse ziwiri, kapena zochepahigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)mlingo womwe umathandizira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis.Zomwe zimayambitsa dyslipidemia zingaphatikizepo kusintha kwa majini komwe kumabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira kapena kusakwanira kwa TG ndilow density lipoprotein (LDL)Cholesterol kapena kusapanga bwino kapena kutulutsa HDL mopitilira muyeso.Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dyslipidemia ndi monga kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala wokhala ndi zakudya zambiri zamafuta odzaza ndi mafuta m'thupi.[4]
Cholesterol ndi lipid yomwe imapezeka m'mafupa onse a nyama, magazi, bile, ndi mafuta anyama omwe ndi ofunikira pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ma cell, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni, komanso kupanga mavitamini osungunuka m'mafuta.Cholesterol imayenda m’mwazi m’ma lipoproteins.5 LDLs amapereka mafuta m’thupi ku maselo, kumene amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mu nembanemba kapena kaamba ka kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a steroid.6 Kukwera kwa LDL kumabweretsa kuchulukira kwa kolesterolo m’mitsempha.[5]Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, HDL imasonkhanitsa cholesterol yochuluka kuchokera m'maselo ndi kuibweretsanso ku chiwindi. [6]Cholesterol okwera m'magazi amatha kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga zolembera.TG ndi ma esters opangidwa kuchokera ku glycerol ndi mafuta atatu acid omwe amasungidwa m'maselo amafuta.Mahomoni amatulutsa TG mphamvu pakati pa chakudya.TG ikhoza kukweza chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndipo imatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha metabolic syndrome;motero, kuyang'anira zamadzimadzi n'kofunika chifukwa kusalamulirika kwa dyslipidemia kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda a mtima.[7]
Dyslipidemia amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito seramukuyesa mbiri ya lipid.1Mayesowa amayesa cholesterol yonse, cholesterol ya HDL, TG, ndi cholesterol yowerengeka ya LDL.
Matenda a shuga mellitus
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osatha omwe amadziwika ndi kukanika kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi glucagon.Glucagon imapangidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa glycogenolysis.Insulin imatulutsidwa chifukwa cha kudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo atenge shuga kuchokera m'magazi ndikusintha kukhala glycogen kuti asungidwe.[8]Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa glucagon kapena insulin kungayambitse hyperglycemia.Matenda a shuga amatha kuwononga maso, impso, mitsempha, mtima, ndi mitsempha yamagazi.Pali mayeso ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a shuga mellitus.Zina mwa zoyezetsa izi zimaphatikizapo shuga wamagazi mwachisawawa komanso kuyeza shuga wa m'magazi osala kudya.[9]
Epidemiology
Malinga ndi CDC, akuluakulu aku America 71 miliyoni (33.5%) ali ndi dyslipidemia.Ndi munthu mmodzi yekha mwa 3 amene ali ndi cholesterol yochuluka amene ali ndi vutoli.Avereji ya cholesterol yonse ya anthu achikulire aku America ndi 200 mg/dL.11 CDC ikuti 29.1 miliyoni aku America (9.3%) ali ndi matenda a shuga, pomwe 21 miliyoni adapezeka ndi 8.1 miliyoni (27.8%) osazindikirika.[2]
Hyperlipidemiandi “nthenda yachuma” yofala m’chitaganya chamakono.M'zaka 20 zapitazi, zakhala zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi.Malinga ndi WHO, kuyambira zaka za zana la 21, pafupifupi anthu 2.6 miliyoni amwalira ndi matenda amtima ndi cerebrovascular (monga acute myocardial infarction ndi stroke) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha hyperlipidemia yanthawi yayitali chaka chilichonse.Kukula kwa hyperlipidemia mwa akulu akulu aku Europe ndi 54%, ndipo akulu aku Europe pafupifupi 130 miliyoni ali ndi hyperlipidemia.Chiwopsezo cha hyperlipidemia ku United States ndi chowopsa koma chotsika pang'ono kuposa ku Europe.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti 50 peresenti ya amuna ndi 48 peresenti ya akazi ku United States ali ndi hyperlipidemia.Odwala hyperlipidemia sachedwa ubongo apoplexy;Ndipo ngati mitsempha ya m’maso mwa thupi la munthu itatsekeka, kudzachititsa kuchepa kwa maso, ngakhale khungu;Zikachitika mu impso, zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa aimpso arteriosclerosis, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito aimpso a wodwalayo, komanso kuchitika kwa aimpso kulephera.Ngati imapezeka m'munsi, necrosis ndi zilonda zimatha kuchitika.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa lipids m'magazi kungayambitsenso zovuta monga matenda oopsa, ndulu, kapamba, komanso dementia.
MALONJE
1. Lipoti Lachitatu la National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) lipoti lomaliza.Kuzungulira.2002;106:3143-3421.
2. CDC.Lipoti la National Diabetes Statistics la 2014.October 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.Adafikira pa Julayi 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.Chizindikiro cha cholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.Adafikira pa Julayi 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Merck Manual Professional Version.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Adafikira pa Julayi 6, 2014.
5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Onani kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.Adafikira pa Julayi 6, 2014.
6. University of Washington maphunziro seva pa intaneti.Cholesterol, lipoproteins ndi chiwindi.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Adafikira pa Julayi 10, 2014.
7. Chipatala cha Mayo.Mkulu wa cholesterol.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.Adafikira pa Juni 10, 2014.
8. Diabetes.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.Adafikira pa Julayi 15, 2014.
9. Mayo Clinic.Matenda a shuga.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.Adafikira pa Juni 20, 2014.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-17-2022