Kuyambira Disembala 2019, COVID-19 yoyambitsidwa ndi Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19 ndi SARS-COV-2, kachilombo ka RNA yokhala ndi chingwe chimodzi cha banja la coronaviruses.β coronaviruses ndi ozungulira kapena oval mawonekedwe, 60-120 nm m'mimba mwake, ndipo nthawi zambiri pleomorphic.Chifukwa Envelopu ya kachilomboka imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amatha kufalikira mbali zonse ndikuwoneka ngati corolla, imatchedwa coronavirus.Ili ndi kapisozi, ndipo S (Spike protein), M (Membrane protein), M (matrix protein) ndi E (mapuloteni a Envelopu) amagawidwa pa capsule.Envelopu ili ndi RNA yomangiriza ku N (Nucleocapsid protein).S protein yaSARS-COV-2ili ndi ma subunits a S1 ndi S2.Domain receptor-binding (RBD) ya S1 subunit imayambitsa matenda a SARS-COV-2 pomanga ku angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pama cell.
Sars-cov-2 imatha kupatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu ndipo imapatsirana kwambiri kuposa sarS-COV, yomwe idatuluka mu 2003. Imafalikira makamaka ndi madontho opumira komanso kuyandikira kwa munthu, ndipo imatha kufalikira ndi mpweya wa aerosol ngati ilipo ndi mpweya wabwino kwa nthawi yaitali.Nthawi zambiri anthu amatha kutenga matenda, ndipo nthawi yobereketsa ndi masiku 1 mpaka 14, makamaka masiku atatu kapena atatu.Pambuyo podwala ndi coronavirus yatsopano, milandu yocheperako ya COVID-19 imakhala ndi zizindikiro makamaka za kutentha thupi komanso chifuwa chowuma.COVID-19 ndi yopatsirana kwambiri komanso imapatsirana kwambiri mu magawo asymptomatic a matenda.Matenda a Sars-cov-2 amatha kuyambitsa kutentha thupi, chifuwa chowuma, kutopa ndi zizindikiro zina.Odwala kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dyspnea ndi / kapena hypoxemia patatha sabata imodzi, ndipo odwala kwambiri angayambitse matenda aakulu a kupuma, coagulopathy ndi kulephera kwa ziwalo zambiri.
Chifukwa sarS-COV-2 ndiyopatsirana kwambiri komanso yakupha, yachangu, yolondola komanso yosavuta njira zodziwira matenda a SARS-COV-2 komanso kudzipatula kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo (kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi kachilomboka) ndiye chinsinsi chodziwira komwe kumayambitsa matenda, kuletsa kufala kwa matendawa ndi kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliri.
POCT, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ukadaulo wozindikira pafupi ndi bedi kapena ukadaulo wodziwira nthawi yeniyeni, ndi mtundu wa njira yodziwira yomwe imachitika pamalo oyeserera ndipo imatha kupeza mwachangu zotsatira zodziwikiratu pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira.Pankhani yozindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, POCT ili ndi maubwino ozindikira mwachangu komanso palibe malire a malo poyerekeza ndi njira zodziwira zakale.POCT sikuti imangofulumira kuzindikira COVID-19, komanso kupewa kulumikizana pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi odwala komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda.Panopa,kuyezetsa COVID-19malo ku China makamaka ndi zipatala ndi mabungwe oyesa anthu ena, ndipo ogwira ntchito yoyezetsa amayenera kutenga zitsanzo pamaso pa anthu kuti akayesedwe.Ngakhale pali njira zodzitetezera, kutengera chitsanzo kuchokera kwa wodwala kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda kwa munthu amene akumuyeza.Chifukwa chake, kampani yathu idapanga zida kuti anthu aziyesa kunyumba, zomwe zili ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta, komanso kuzindikira kunyumba, masiteshoni ndi malo ena opanda chitetezo chachilengedwe.
Ukadaulo waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndiukadaulo wa immunochromatography, womwe umadziwikanso kuti Lateral Flow assay (LFA), yomwe ndi njira yodziwira mwachangu yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi capillary action.Monga ukadaulo wodziwikiratu wokhwima mwachangu, umakhala ndi ntchito yosavuta, nthawi yayitali komanso zotsatira zokhazikika.Woyimilirayo ndi pepala la colloidal gold immunochromatography (GLFA), lomwe nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo chitsanzo cha pedi, bond pad, nitrocellulose (NC) filimu ndi pad yoyamwa madzi, ndi zina zotero. filimuyo imapangidwa ndi ma antibodies.Chitsanzocho chikawonjezedwa ku pad yachitsanzo, imadutsa papepala lomangirira ndi filimu ya NC motsatizana pansi pa capillary, ndipo pamapeto pake imafika pamtunda woyamwa.Chitsanzocho chikadutsa papepala lomangira, chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuyezedwa pachitsanzocho chimamanga ndi antibody yagolide;Chitsanzocho chikadutsa mu nembanemba ya NC, chitsanzo chomwe chiyenera kuyesedwa chinagwidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi antibody yomwe inagwidwa, ndipo magulu ofiira adawonekera pa nembanemba ya NC chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kwa nanoparticles zagolide.Kuzindikira kwachangu kwa SARS-COV-2 kutha kupezedwa poyang'ana magulu ofiira pamalo ozindikira.Zida za njirayi ndizosavuta kugulitsa komanso zokhazikika, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuyankha mwachangu.Ndiwoyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa anthu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira buku la Coronavirus.
Matenda atsopano a coronavirusndizovuta zomwe dziko lapansi likukumana nazo.Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake ndizomwe zingathandize kupambana nkhondoyi.Poyang'anizana ndi matenda ambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga zida zodziwira zolondola komanso zofulumira.Zimadziwika kuti pakati pa zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, madzimadzi a alveolar lavage ali ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa pharyngeal swabs, malovu, sputum ndi alveolar lavage fluid.Panopa, mayeso ambiri ndi kutenga zitsanzo kwa odwala amaganiziridwa ndi swabs pakhosi kumtunda pharynx, osati m`munsi kupuma thirakiti, kumene kachilombo mosavuta kulowa.Kachilomboka kamatha kudziwikanso m'magazi, mkodzo, ndi ndowe, koma si malo akuluakulu a matenda, choncho kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka kumakhala kochepa ndipo sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko ozindikira.Kuonjezera apo, monga RNA ndi yosakhazikika komanso yosavuta kuipitsa, chithandizo choyenera ndi kuchotsa zitsanzo pambuyo pa kusonkhanitsa ndizinthu.
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-20-2022